Introducing STEM Education to Young Students

Introduction Atkinson, Hugo and Lundgren (2007) allege, â€Å"We now are in the STEM generation† (p. 15). STEM is an acronym for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Today, the acronym has taken a broader meaning. It encompasses environment, agriculture, education, economics, and medicine.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Introducing STEM Education to Young Students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is a universal agreement that everyone deserves to be STEM literate. However, there is a distinction between being STEM literate and literacy. According to Atkinson et al. (2007), STEM literacy is perceived as deictic way of acquiring further learning. STEM literacy is founded on three pillars of learning, which are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Atkinson et al. (2007) claim that STEM literacy â€Å"refers to the ability to adapt to and accept changes driven by new technology work, to anticipate multilevel impacts of their actions, and find measured, yet creative, solutions to problems that are today unimaginable† (p. 19). They argue that STEM is perceived as an essential component in the training of our next cohort. It assists to improve the quality of education system and enables learners to compete in the global platform. The present competitive world requires a highly educated and skilled workforce. This article will discuss the significances of exposing young students to STEM education. Exposure to STEM Education There are worries that the majority of the young people in the United States are not ready to react to present or future demands. The Majority of the students perform poorly in mathematics, science, engineering, and technology-related subjects. Additionally, many students do not enroll in STEM-related courses (Atkinson et al., 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, United States is experiencing shortage of people qualified in STEM-related professions. The findings are shocking because it will be difficult for the United States to remain competitive in the global economy. The country should initiate programs aimed at encouraging students to study STEM-related subjects. Research has shown that mathematics and science contribute to innovation and discovery. A society cannot achieve innovation if it does not encourage its students to study mathematics and science. Apart from mathematics and science, engineering and technology also play a significant role in economic development and career growth. Hence, the United States should ensure that it introduces the two courses to students as early as possible. Bagiati, Yoon, Evangelou and Ngambeki (2010) allege that people are expected to acquire varied problem-solving skills and deal with numerous challenges facing the society in the 21st century. The skills include leadership and teamwork, flexibility and dexterity, and entrepreneurialism and inventiveness. Introducing STEM education to young students will help them to develop these skills at an early age. Moreover, it will help countries to cope with ever-changing social and economic needs. However, the students will not gain the skills unless the United States transforms its educational standards. A primary topic that is covered by the majority of the present science education writings is the growing unwillingness of youthful people to embrace STEM education. The authors allege that young students are avoiding science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-related courses.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Introducing STEM Education to Young Students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scholars have given recommendations on how to address this challenge. One of the recommendations is exposing students to S TEM education at an early age (Bagiati et al., 2010). Early introduction to STEM education will facilitate in students’ overall academic development. It will assist students to develop critical thinking and encourage them to pursue careers that are related to STEM. Over 77% of women and minority groups do not feature in the United States’ STEM workforce. The country does not motivate and nurture these groups to practice STEM education at their early age (Bagiati et al., 2010). Thus, the government should ensure that it avails adequate STEM education resources and motivates young students to pursue STEM-related courses. Research has proved that students abandon STEM-related subjects before they join the eighth grade. Many students complain that the majority of STEM-related subjects are boring, challenging and uninteresting. As a result, they do not prefer continuing with the subjects. Having known that students lose interest in STEM-related subjects at their seventh gra de, teachers should focus on learners at this grade (Brophy, Klein, Portsmore Rogers, 2008). Studies have shown that the majority of the students who pursue STEM education in the eighth grade end up pursuing STEM-related careers in the future. Thus, it is important that teachers and all education stakeholders encourage students to take STEM-related subjects. Exposing students to STEM education at early life will have a lasting impact on the entire STEM education society and learners. Many countries are dedicated to generating STEM-concerned personnel and students. Nevertheless, they cannot achieve this goal unless they assist all students to develop their capacities.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 2007, over three-quarters of the United States’ students were not ready to pursue college studies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Even more disturbing, â€Å"there existed both an interest and achievement gap among African Americans, Hispanics, and females in the STEM fields, which limited participation in STEM-related jobs† (Brophy et al., 2008, p. 371). Significant Impacts of STEM Education to Young Students One of the significant impacts of introducing STEM education to young students is that it helps them to develop positive attitude and confidence. Most middle school students suffer from fretfulness or dislike for mathematics. The students believe that they are not gifted in mathematics, and only specific students can handle the subject. They also maintain that no amount of assistance or motivation can help those who are not gifted in mathematics. Carnevale, Smith and Melton (2011) assert that a student’s perception that personal di fficulty with STEM-related subjects is due to lack of knack weakens his/her impetus and may lead to nervousness. Thus, introducing STEM education to students at an early age can help them to develop positive attitude and confidence in STEM-related subjects. STEM system is designed in a way that it is teacher intensive. Teachers mentor students and assist them to deal with apprehension, which is the main reason why they avoid STEM education. Moreover, teachers help students to gain the courage to pursue STEM-related subjects. According to Carnevale et al. (2011), introducing STEM education to students at an early age will help them to understand, identify and engage with the subjects. Besides, it will enable students to make well-informed decisions on the importance of mathematics, science, technology or engineering in their life. Abrams, Southerland and Silva (2007) allege that STEM literacy â€Å"means more than mapping the numerous overlapping interdisciplinary skills, concepts, and processes† (p. 42). Introducing STEM education to young students will help learners to develop skills that will help them to adjust and embrace transformations caused by modern technology. Moreover, it will prepare students to assume complex duties in the future. Countries need to find innovative solutions to challenges that are nowadays inconceivable. They cannot find these solutions unless they equip their learners with innovative and original decision-making skills. Allowing students to pursue STEM-related subjects at an early age will help them to cope with personal needs in the future (Abrams et al., 2007). They will become not only knowledgeable and fulfilled, but also productive citizens. STEM education promotes integrated learning. The constructivist learning theory holds that blended education helps students to acquire knowledge and skills in different areas. According to Abrams et al. (2007), STEM education is a system of teaching for understanding. The system in volves â€Å"teachers as facilitators, students as active learners, and construction of knowledge rather than mere absorption of facts† (Abrams et al., 2007, p. 48). STEM education will help students to gain knowledge in different areas. For instance, a student will use mathematics skills to solve science problems. On the other hand, some science activities will help a student to study and understand mathematics. The majority of the teachers wonder if integrated lessons help students to grasp concepts. Hence, many teachers avoid introducing STEM education to young students in fear that they might not understand the subjects. A study by Cole and Espinoza (2007) showed that young students benefit from integrated lessons. The lessons help students to gain problem-solving skills, encourage cooperation, improve students’ thoughts about school, and encourage high attendance. Cole and Espinoza (2007) charge that engineering curricular offers a conduit for combining mathematic s and science. In addition, it provides a background for the significance and purpose of mathematics and science. Most students avoid STEM-related subjects because they do not understand their importance. Therefore, engineering, as one of the STEM-related education creates a connection between class work and real-life experiences. Cole and Espinoza (2007) allege, â€Å"Presently, minority groups and women are underrepresented in engineering fields† (p. 290). Moreover, the number of students who enroll for engineering courses is small. It shows that the general public does not understand the role of engineers in developing novel technologies, which boost the living standards (Cunningham, Knight, Carlsen Kelly, 2007). Unquestionably, introducing STEM education to young students will act as a motivation to students. Many students will change their attitudes toward engineering and see it as a promising career option. Besides, introducing engineering education to young students w ill help them to gain skills in other areas like science, technology, and mathematics. It will also encourage many girls to pursue STEM-related careers in the future and reduce the underrepresentation of women in the jobs. People are expected to continue to participate in STEM-related discourses and make decisions on issues like information technology and energy. People cannot make informed decisions on matters related to energy and information technology unless they have sufficient knowledge of STEM concepts. According to Cunningham et al. (2007), people should begin to gain insights and awareness of STEM education as early as possible. They signify the importance of introducing STEM education to young students. Additionally, taking advantage of young students’ intrinsic interest in STEM education at the primary level will spur their aspiration to pursue STEM-related courses later. Introducing STEM education to young students will not only guarantee an educated citizenry, bu t also address the high demand for STEM experts. Exposing young students to STEM education and duties of STEM experts will help them to gain concern and skills in STEM careers. Failure to introduce STEM education at an early age will lead to students developing negative attitude towards the education. Dierking (2010) argues that development of negative attitude can hamper the acquirement of additional knowledge. In the United States, STEM skills are mainly developed in secondary schools. Teachers blame this to the lack of adequate planning and classroom time. However, there is evidence that STEM skills developed from early learning will assist students to gain skills and traits that will create a generation of STEM understanding and adeptness (Kokkelenberg, Sinha, 2010). One of the reasons why it is imperative to introduce STEM education to young students is that it uses inquiry as its primary learning method. Children use question to learn. They ask questions, investigate and disc uss their results. Young learners are gifted in experimentation and investigation. When these gifts are aligned with ‘essential STEM ideas and instructions through inquiry techniques, students gain concrete base in STEM-related subjects. Encouraging young students to take STEM-related subjects will equip them with vocabularies and concepts that will be invaluable when studying in higher grades (Kokkelenberg Sinha, 2010). Through online, STEM enables students to participate in virtual explorations. Hence, they are equipped with knowledge in research and scientific inquiry. According to Mohr-Schroeder et al. (2010), children have an innate interest in discovery and innovation. However, formal education does not help to exploit their curiosity. STEM education promotes inquiry activities, which nurture and promote innovation and development. According to Mohr-Schroeder et al. (2010), students who engage in research activities that foster development during their early life exhibi t confidence and positive attitude towards education. They claim that students who pursue STEM education at an early age are likely to perform well and get jobs after studies. Hence, introducing STEM education to young students will lead to positive life-changing outcomes. People neglect early elementary science as a requisite base for molding future scientists. Many people believe that students naturally develop interests in individual subjects once they are introduced in middle schools (O’Brien, 2010). However, ultimate success levels in all subjects begin in elementary grade. Introducing STEM education to young students will hasten the growth of numerous skills including judgment and language, which are valuable in studying other subjects. STEM education embraces complementary learning. Students are not only encouraged to focus on class work, but also on other experiences outside the class. O’Brien (2010) alleges that introducing STEM education to young students wil l promote families’ involvement in students’ education. Besides, it will align the educational wherewithal to offer comprehensive learning, which focuses on the needs of individual students. Exposing young students to STEM education will result in student-generated explorations of mathematics, science, technology and engineering through life experience and social contact. Not only does STEM education jump-start a student’s long-term interest in mathematics, science, engineering, and technology, but also considerably improves STEM comprehension. Thiry, Laursen and Hunter (2011) argue that students will gain from STEM education since STEM-related careers are expanding at an alarming rate. Experts anticipate that by 2018, 5% of the global jobs will be related to STEM (Thiry et al., 2011). This implies that at least 2.8 million students who pursue STEM education will be assured of ready jobs. The majority of the students avoid STEM-related subjects because they are academically rigorous. However, they do not understand the benefits of studying such subjects. Encouraging young students to take STEM education will give them an opportunity to tap into some of their unutilized skills. Engineering courses require competent teachers and advanced technology. Hence, many students avoid the courses. Besides, there are teachers who discourage students from taking STEM education (Thiry et al., 2011). What they do not understand is that engineering courses are among the most exciting and motivating classes that young students can pursue. Exposing young students to STEM education will help them to ascertain their aptitudes and interests in STEM careers. Students cannot take STEM-related subjects unless teachers encourage them to do so. Exposing young students to STEM education will assure determined students who wish to take work-intensive courses like engineering that they stand to benefit in the future. Thiry et al. (2011) allege, â€Å"With the necessa ry exposure to engineers and engineering fields, students will understand that more modest grades are perfectly acceptable given the higher demand and lower enrollment in these courses† (p. 381). Tytler (2007) argues that STEM education has numerous effects on people’s life. It determines the future of their children. Today, people live in the technological age. According to Tytler (2007), STEM education mostly affects young children. It affects not only their future careers, but also decision-making processes. According to the United States Department of Commerce, STEM-related employment opportunities are growing at 17% (Wang, 2013). Hence, introducing STEM education to young students will not only prepare them to occupy these opportunities, but also ensure that the country has adequate labor force (Wang, 2013). Wang (2013) argues that every state is looking for individuals with the capacity to transform its economy and build communities. For instance, states are looki ng for people who can assist them to curb global warming, alleviate hunger, and fight cancer. Such people are required to have a strong foundation in STEM-related courses. A person cannot help an entrepreneur to develop a state-of-the-art technology if s/he does not have skills in engineering and technology. If countries want to find the right people to drive the future economy, they must introduce students to STEM education in their tender age. Conclusion STEM education covers science, mathematics, technology and engineering. It gives students an opportunity to learn through inquiry. Besides, it equips students with problem-solving techniques and prepares them to pursue STEM-related careers. Introducing STEM education to students at an early age will have numerous benefits. It will assist learners to comprehend ideas as it will enable them to relate diverse incidents to real-world circumstances. In addition, it will assist scholars to develop optimistic outlooks toward STEM-related subjects. On the other hand, it will boost a country’s economy. If the United States is to stay aggressive in the international market, it should persuade its young scholars to do STEM-related subjects. Currently, the majority of the United States students do not understand science. Besides, many students avoid taking STEM-related subjects because they are academically rigorous. The country should try to convince students that the rewards of pursuing academically rigorous subjects are worth risking. Teachers should understand that students cannot take STEM-related subjects unless they are motivated. Requesting students to take as many mathematics, science, engineering or technology lessons as possible will not work. Instead, teachers should passionately engage students in selection and study of STEM education. References Abrams, E., Southerland, S., Silva, P. (2007). Inquiry in the classroom: Challenges and opportunities. Greenwich, CT: Information Age. Atkinson, R., Hugo, J., Lundgren, D. (2007). Addressing the STEM challenge by expanding specialty math and science high schools. NCSSSMST Journal, 12(2), 14–23. Bagiati, A., Yoon, S., Evangelou, D., Ngambeki, I. (2010). Engineering curricula in early education: Describing the landscape of open resources. Early Childhood Research Practice, 12(2), 45-61. Brophy, S., Klein, S., Portsmore, M., Rogers, C. (2008). Advancing engineering education in P-12 classrooms. Journal of Engineering Education, 97(3), 369-387. Carnevale, A., Smith, N., Melton, M. (2011). STEM: Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. Cole, D., Espinoza, A. (2007). Examining the academic success of Latino students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors. Journal of College Student Development, 49(1), 285-300. Cunningham, C., Knight, M., Carlsen, W., Kelly, G. (2007). Integrating engineering in middle and high sch ool classrooms. International Journal of Engineering Education, 23(1), 3-8. Dierking, L. D. (2010). A comprehensive approach to fostering the next generation of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education leaders. New Educator, 6(4), 297-309. Kokkelenberg, E., Sinha, E. (2010). Who succeeds in STEM studies? An analysis of Binghamtom University undergraduate students. Economics of Education Review, 29(6), 935-946. Mohr-Schroeder, M., Miller, M., Little, D., Schooler, W., Jackson, C., Walcott, B., Speler, L., Schroeder, D. (2010). Developing middle school students’ interests in STEM via summer learning experiences: See Blue STEM Camp. School Science and Mathematics, 114(6), 291-301. O’Brien, S. (2010). Characterization of a unique undergraduate multidisciplinary STEM K-5 teacher preparation program. Journal of Technology Education, 21(2), 35-52. Thiry, H., Laursen, S., Hunter, A. (2011). What experiences help students become scientists?: A compa rative study of research and other sources of personal and professional gains for STEM undergraduates. The Journal of Higher Education, 82(4), 357-388. Tytler, R. (2007). Re-imagining science education: Engaging students in science for Australia’s future. Australian Education Review, 3(1), 5-15. Wang, X. (2013). Why students choose STEM majors: Motivation, high school learning, and postsecondary context of support. American Educational Research Journal, 23(2), 11-29. This research paper on Introducing STEM Education to Young Students was written and submitted by user Camilo F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Sinking Of The Lusitania

â€Å"The war to end all wars† was what some people called it. Others called it â€Å"The Great War.† Look at it anyway you wish, but World War I was not only destructive, but it just might have set humanity back in time. To say that there was a right and a wrong in the war is impossible. Both sides were wrong with things, but in the end, Germany suffered more, by being forced to pay billions of dollars in War Debts, and let the French control a rich mine for well over 15 years. Before that, Germany was a country that was just running over the Allied Powers with hardly any sort of problems. But soon, Germany’s reign on top of World War I was coming to a close. The Germans had a naval blockade of any ships that had passed through around the United Kingdom. Despite the blockade, many ships decided to ignore the warnings that Germany sent out to the Allied countries. One of these ships was the Lusitania. The Lusitania was a ship that embarked on a voyage to England, with passengers from all around, including many Americans. A bulletin was passed around to every person who boarded the ship, which stated that a war was going on between Germany and England. It also stated that Germany had placed a naval blockade surrounding the waters of England, and that any ship in that zone was at risk of being fired at by German troops. Sure enough, as the Lusitania entered that zone on May 7, 1915, a German submarine fired a missile underwater, hitting the Lusitania and in turn, killed more than 1,100 passengers and crew, 124 of them Americans. After the sinking of the ship, outrage ensued, and The United States was brought into the war. In a letter sent to the Germans from President Wilson and Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan, the United States showed how they grew tired of German submarine attacks. In an excerpt from the letter, Bryan said this: â€Å"The sinking of the British passenger steamer Falaba by a German submarine on March 28, throu... Free Essays on The Sinking Of The Lusitania Free Essays on The Sinking Of The Lusitania â€Å"The war to end all wars† was what some people called it. Others called it â€Å"The Great War.† Look at it anyway you wish, but World War I was not only destructive, but it just might have set humanity back in time. To say that there was a right and a wrong in the war is impossible. Both sides were wrong with things, but in the end, Germany suffered more, by being forced to pay billions of dollars in War Debts, and let the French control a rich mine for well over 15 years. Before that, Germany was a country that was just running over the Allied Powers with hardly any sort of problems. But soon, Germany’s reign on top of World War I was coming to a close. The Germans had a naval blockade of any ships that had passed through around the United Kingdom. Despite the blockade, many ships decided to ignore the warnings that Germany sent out to the Allied countries. One of these ships was the Lusitania. The Lusitania was a ship that embarked on a voyage to England, with passengers from all around, including many Americans. A bulletin was passed around to every person who boarded the ship, which stated that a war was going on between Germany and England. It also stated that Germany had placed a naval blockade surrounding the waters of England, and that any ship in that zone was at risk of being fired at by German troops. Sure enough, as the Lusitania entered that zone on May 7, 1915, a German submarine fired a missile underwater, hitting the Lusitania and in turn, killed more than 1,100 passengers and crew, 124 of them Americans. After the sinking of the ship, outrage ensued, and The United States was brought into the war. In a letter sent to the Germans from President Wilson and Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan, the United States showed how they grew tired of German submarine attacks. In an excerpt from the letter, Bryan said this: â€Å"The sinking of the British passenger steamer Falaba by a German submarine on March 28, throu...

The fall of the Disciples Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The fall of the Disciples - Research Paper Example It is said that he prayed the whole night for these men. When he called them, many of them seemed to be unlikely choices, but they all chose to follow him. As they continued their walk with Christ, he often prayed for them as stated in John 17. Even in instances when the disciples were less than steadfast in their walk, Jesus was still there to support and pray for them. In Luke 22:31, the Lord talks to his disciple Simon about prayers for him, he tells him that he will pray for him even if the devil tries to snatch him away. It is this commitment to his followers and his constant intercession for them that leads to their success in the future1. Jesus did not select persons of great educational merit. None of the disciples had studied law or done any scholarship work. Regardless of this, Jesus still chose them to be his followers. In doing so, he wanted to demonstrate to the world that any of them could become just like the disciples. Their commitment to the Lord was what caused them to become great men. He was also making a statement that the grand plan of salvation did not require majestic men. In several instances, these disciples proved that they were worthy of their calling. Peter, who happened to be Jesus’ favorite, exhibited a moment of great faith when he walked on water. Jesus had provided no safety cushion or anchor for him, and Peter only relied on his word for success. In fact, it was this great display of faith that earned him the right to witness Christ’s transfiguration. The extraordinary things carried out by this individual were such that they would convey great hope for the future of humanity. Jesus had initially declared that those who became his disciples would have to hate their families and everything else that mattered to them in order to fulfill the divine plan. Many of them sacrificed their personal lives for the sake of the Gospel. They remained loyal to him and experienced the rejection that he experienced. Essentially, they demonstrated an allegiance to the Lord that would eventually cause Christianity to manifest. This decision to stay with him was indicative of their conviction and strength2. Additionally, in Christ’s lifetime, the disciples performed supernatural acts through his name. In Luke 10:1 Jesus commanded the seventy to go and heal the sick. He also added that the kingdom of God would come near them in the same chapter. Luke 10:17 proves that they took his words seriously since they came back rejoicing to Christ. The seventy affirmed that it was possible to subdue demons through his name. These acts show that the disciples had faith in Jesus. At the time, it was sufficient enough to reach the supernatural realm. Feeble faith A number of disciples seemed to lack confidence in his ability to lead spiritually. Therefore, they displayed a great degree of ignorance that was unexpected from people who spent almost all their time with Jesus. A case in point was the case of the miracle of the five loaves and two fish. At the time, Christ instructed Andrew to find food within the crowd. When he came back, Andrew asserted that there were only five loaves and two fish to be found. He then asked what could come from such a small quantity if the crowd was so large. This statement implied that he had little faith in Jesus’ ability. One would expect more from a person who has seen Jesus perform miracles in the past3. The disciples also failed to

Do you agree with Hedley Bulls comment the international society has Essay - 1

Do you agree with Hedley Bulls comment the international society has always been present in the world political system - Essay Example Bull recognizes the fact that the international system is anarchical in nature. Furthermore, Bull explains that the international system is characterized by the formation of a system of states, and the existence of the society of states (Alderson, 2000). By denoting that the international system is anarchical, Bull means that every state seeks to advance its interests and agenda. By this, he means that any policy that is being pursued by the states forming the international system is aimed at advancing their interests, as opposed to the interests of the entire international community. For example, when a country such as United States seeks to advance the principles of capitalism and liberalism, its main intention is for the third world countries to open up their economies, so that its companies may invest in them (Williams, 2013). This in turn would lead to an increase in the economy of United States because of the foreign remittances, emanating from these companies. It is this aspect of the promotion of their self interests that Bull explains that it plays a role in shaping how states interact within the international community (Warner, 2006). Furthermore, in proving his assertion that the international society has always been present in world politics, Bull gives the definition of a state. Bull explains that for any entity to be called a state, and then it must have sovereignty over a group of people, and it must also have a defined territory, which is recognized by the international community. Furthermore, a state must have a government, which is either democratic or not. It is this sovereign nature of a state that allows it to interact with other nations in the global politics (Heywood, 2011). Because of their sovereignty, states would always seek to implement policies aimed at serving their own interests . Furthermore, these states would interact with likeminded states for purposes of achieving their common interests. This is

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As A Leader Indra Nooyi Management Essay India, located in the south Asia, is one of the most religiously diverse nations with a long history in the world. There are more than 80.4% of the people who are Hinduism. In Hinduism, the religion plays a central and definitive role in the life of people. And that is a typical Asian country, it represents the eastern wisdom. But have you ever imagined that what would happen to a person if such eastern wisdom came across the western culture? Here is a story about a 23 years old Indian woman who went to America to pursue her America Dream. As a traditional Hinduism, she should have gotten married when she was over 18, but she chose to go to university. She should have stayed in India and gotten married while she graduated, but she determined to go to America to pursue her dream. And today, 30 years later, that Indian woman becomes the CEO of the PepsiCo, one of the world largest soda and snacks companies; she is also named the third most powerful women in the world and the first most powerful women in the business world; what is more, she is also a good wife, a mother of two lovely daughters. And her mane is Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi. She is a successful example of Asian-American, of Hinduism, of women. In this paper, I will first give a brief introduction about her background and her career, and then I will analyze her outstanding leadership traits and leadership behaviors. And at last I will discuss a very interesting assumption that if she was working in hospitality industry, what would happen ¼Ã… ¸ 2. Snapshots of Indra K. Nooyi 2.1. Family It was 54 years ago that Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi (Oct. 28, 1955~) was born into a Tamil family in the Brahman community of Madras, a seaport in south Indian. Besides herself, there are five members within her early family, her grandfather, father, mother, and her elder sister and a little brother. Her family was part of Indians middle class; her grandfather used to be a district judge, her father is a bank official. Not like common Indian families that seldom send their girls to go to school, Nooyis family is much more open minded than the others, both Nooyi and her sister all received good educations. The interesting thing in Nooyis family is that father is the only role to gain money for the family while mother has the whole responsibility to bring up the two daughters. Nooyi once said on YANG LAN ONE ON ONE, my mother always wanted to be somebody, but she never had the opportunity, and she was even not allowed to enter the university because she had to get married. So she left her dreams to her daughters. Just like what Nooyi said, her mother allowed Nooyi to do whatever she wanted to do, and also trained her to speak on political and social subjects every day after dinner. All she did is just to make Nooyi understand that why not to get married, have a family, have a kid, while have a dream. And this helped Nooyi a lot not only for her career but also for her life. So what about her current family? Indra Nooyi now is an American citizen. She got married with Raj Nooyi, a management consultant, and has two daughters, one is 25 and the other is 15. The Nooyis now are living in Fairfax County, Connecticut. 2.2. Education Like a typical Tamil family in India, the whole families are Hinduism. Nooyi, a devout Hindu, attended Madras Christian College majoring in chemistry and graduated with a bachelors degree in1976. After that, she went to the Indian Institute of Management in Calcutta to finish her two years master degree in business administration, majoring in finance and marketing. In 1978, after Indra Nooyi graduated from the Indian Institute of Management, she took her first job as a product manager with a Mettur Beardsell, a textile company. Sooner she changed her job and became the product manager of Johnson Johnson, a personal care products maker. While she was working in this Amercian-based company, she was attracted by the American management style, so she planned to apply for her second master degree in America. And she successfully applied for the admission of Yale University of Management with financial aid. Despite societal pressures that every Indian girl when she is over 18 should get married, Indra Nooyi who was already 23 persisted in her decision and finally got the permit from her parents. With the risk to be an unmarriageable commodity, she went alone to America to pursue her dream. 2.3. Career At the year 1980, Nooyi got her master degree of public and private management from Yale University, Nooyi started her career at the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), and she worked as a director of its international corporate strategy projects. And this is the beginning of her professional managers career. Then she left there to Motorola, an electronics maker in 1986, her outstanding talent and strategic-looking made her quickly become the vice president and director of corporate strategy and planning there in 1988. In 1990 Nooyi accepted the invitation from the Asea Brown Boveri, a power plant construction and related equipments maker. She worked as the senior vice president and director of corporate strategy and strategic marketing. After she joined ABB, she restructured the company and helped it find its direction in North America. And this made her being regarded as a shinning star in management by the year 1994. In 1994 both Jack Welch, the head of General Electric and Wayne Calloway, the CEO of PepsiCo offered her a job. Nooyi accepted Calloways invitation, and became the chef strategist of the PepsiCo. After Nooyi joined the PepsiCo, she helped the company finish its revolutionary reshape project. That is to divest its restaurant group in 1997, such as KFC and Pizza Hut in order to focus on two other product groups: soda and snacks. And then it purchased Tropicana juice producer in 1998, tow years later it acquired Quaker Oats, one of the biggest breakfast food company in America. And later, her negotiation skills and her favor in acquiring also helped the PepsiCo acquire SoBe, an edgy beverage maker. At last, the PepsiCo successfully turned into a much healthier and greener company. The ROI that PepsiCo posted in 2000 also showed that it not only covered the past restaurant part but also reached the highest point during the past 10 years. It was obvious that the PepsiCo started to go in the right direction after Nooyi arrived, so Nooyi was promoted to be the named president and CFO in 2001. After Nooyi became the named president and CFO, she speeded up the restructuring process and the development of international market. From 2001 to 2006, the PepsiCos annul revenue increased from $24 billion to $33 billion. And in 2006, the PepsiCos total market in America historically ran over the Coca-Colas. All of these achievements were all related to the Nooyis effort, so it was no surprise that Nooyi was named the fifth CEO on August 14, 2006. In 2007, Indra Nooyi became the fifth CEO and also the first female CEO in PepsiCo till now. And by the year 2009, Nooyi has been named three times the Americans top 50 women to watch by Wall Street Journal, the world top 100 most influential people according to the Time, and recently was named the third most powerful woman in the world in 2009 by the Forbes. 3. Leadership Traits As a leader, Indra Nooyi has the common leadership traits a good leader should have, such as energy, self-confidence, and sociability. But as a great leader and as a female leader of a company with 198,000 employees, she should have much more than that. So what is the difference? 3.1. Ethical Forward-Looking Efficient water and energy use has obvious paybacks, but what I need is more than that, I need a healthy consumer out there and a better environment around him. And the only way I can do that is sustainability. Indra Nooyi Forward-looking is one common leadership trait, it means a person has a strong vision of the future, or we can say that a person who can help the company make more money in the future has such leadership trait. And what about ethical forward-looking, it means a leader should also take the ethical issues, such as environment, resources, and health into consideration while planning the future strategy. For most leaders, they wont do that, because it may decrease the profit and may also slow down the developing speed, and these are all the achievements to reflect a leaders performance. So it is a fool to do that as a leader, but Indra Nooyi is just such a fool. As I mentioned before, Nooyi is a typical Hinduism. The philosophy of Hinduism emphasizes on the balance of each interest aspect. For example, while making more profit, factories should also care about the environment, food producers should also care about customers personal health. And this philosophy has already become a part of Nooyis philosophy. In 1990 when Nooyi joined the Asea Brown Boveri, a power plant construction and related equipments maker, she pointed out that the company should develop green. And she took a series of actions, such as built a new water recycling system. At first, this action took a lot of money, but latter it helped save 1/3 of the water cost annually. And also in the PepsiCo, Nooyi advocates the stomach and intestine cleanliness; she also announced that her vision for the company is performance with purpose. It means the sustainability on multiple levels: human, talent and environment. And that is why after devised its fast food brands, KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell, the PepsiCo acquired three other healthy food and beverage companies. And that is why Nooyi invested more than $ 1 billion to develop its potato farms in the half-desert areas of China, such as Inner Mongolia. And then come to the part what we are most interested in: did these actions decrease the companys profit or slow down its development? The answer is no. First, the PepsiCo used a special potato breed that can grow well in such area with a high productivity and quality, so it actually decreased the cost of main ingredient. And also as we know that China is a central powered country, anyone who wants to run a business, he has to build a good relationship with the g overnment. And because the Chinese government spoke highly of the PepsiCos such behaviors, it did a great favor for the development of PepsiCo in China. 3.2. Outstanding Negotiation Skill The second difference is that Nooyi is a tough negotiator. Nowadays the negotiation skill has become a more and more popular leadership trait, it is a trait related closely with many other kinds of leadership traits, such as self-confidence, fluency of speech, creativity, and sociability. But we cannot say a person who has these leadership traits would also have a good negotiation skill. So there are only fewer leaders have such negotiation skill. And the reasons why I am so sure that Nooyi is such an outstanding negotiator are all proved in her achievements. The first is that Nooyi helped the PepsiCo purchase the Tropicana Company for $3.3 billion from the Seagram Company in 1998. Tropicana is the biggest orange juice company in America that time, while the PepsiCo was not a top company with its beverage markets no more than 25%. Nooyi knew that the last years stock sale of the Tropicana was $2 billion and this year the Seagram Company announced $4.1 billion for selling it. This news attracted several great companies, including Coca-Cola. But at last, the Tropicana was acquired for $0.8 billion decrease by the PepsiCo. And Indra Nooyi was the chef dealmaker of that acquisition. Before the bidding, she communicated with the former Tropicana president Ellen Marram, who has the dream to build the Tropicana a customer oriented great company. So Nooyi shared her stomach and intestine cleanliness and grow green plans with her, and also they talked a lot about the religion and some health issues and environment issues. After that communication, Ellen Marram and Nooyi together had a dinner with current president Mr. Rodkin. And then, Nooyi herself communicated with Rodkin, who really wants to make some achievements to consolidate his position. Nooyi showed her opinion that the selling price was too optimistic, because the recent hurricane damaged its market value and the stock price would keep on lower. And then they together came to a proper way of acquisition. Two weeks later, the Seagram Company announced the success of selling Tropicana to PepsiCo for $3.3 billion. Nooyi also helped the PepsiCo acquired the No. 1 breakfast food company Quaker Oats for $14 billion, and this became one of the amazing business story that small fish eats big fish. After that, PepsiCo purchased the edgy beverage maker SoBe for $337 million and this price beat the one submitted by Coca-Cola again. And recently, there comes out the big bang news that the PepsiCo is planning to acquire the Nestle Company, the Swedish largest company. And Nooyi showed her attitude towards it that everything can be possible in some proper situations. In these negotiations, Nooyi first prepared all the useful information and then grasped the interest of the other side quickly. She controlled the whole process of the negotiation, and others are all infected by her self-confidence, her passion speech, her motivation to achieve, and her leaders temperament. This leadership trait helps make Nooyi a great capable leader. 3.3. Strategic Intuitiveness Rapid changes in current world combined with information overload result in an inability to know everything. In other words, logic and reasoning will not make you pass all the situations. And the fact is that more and more leaders are learning to the value of using their intuition and believing their own instincts when they are making some decisions. And so it is with Nooyi. It is the the first year that Nooyi joined PepsiCo, the companys restaurant chains suffered stagnancy problems. Then the management team including Nooyi got together to find out a good solution. During these days, Nooyi worked seven days a week, and at one day, Nooyi suddenly woke up in the middle of the night and wrote down different versions of the company on a paper, and later she summarized a method that is to spin off the fast food restaurant chins. Because the method mostly came from her intuition, when she explained this method to the management team, the most words she used were I think, I believe, and I suppose. But she insisted on her intuition all the way. She believed the best way for PepsiCo is to become a pure healthy packaged and bottled Food and Beverage Company, while the fast food restaurant is in the different area. So she suggested that the PepsiCo should only focus on one area. Her suggestion was crazy and full of risk, and no one could make sure whether it was a right decision. After several months discussion, the company finally accepted Nooyis decision. After the PepsiCo divested its restaurant chains, most analysts argued that it was a negative decision. But five years later, the PepsiCo successfully increased its annual revenue from $24 billion to $33 billion, and ran over the market leader Coca-Cola. This decision which is mostly coming form the intuition of Nooyi successfully pointed out the right direction and changed the destiny of the PepsiCo. And as we know in the business world, not all the decisions are well-founded; sometimes the leaders have to believe their intuitions. Since Indra Nooyi has such strong strategic intuition, she can be a much greater leader than the others. 4. Leadership Behaviors 4.1. Supportive Leadership Behavior Indra Nooyi is a very kind and considerate leader, some one says it is partly because she is a woman, and some one thinks it is because the Asian culture and her religion. Well, reasons are not important, and the only result is that they all contribute to her supportive leadership behaviors. Balance is the key word when Indra Nooyi is making a decision; she thinks the balance in making a decision should cover not only the profit of the company, but also the profit of its staff. Because she believes that if a company can not satisfy its employees, how can it be possible to satisfy the customers? Since the customers are not satisfied, the company is hard to make more money as return. So she always showed her concern for her followers needs and took them into the consideration for the companys development. And she announced every management decision or plan to her employees immediately. Balance is also the principle for Indra Nooyi to manage a company; what I mean is that she treats all the employees equally. The current survey shows that after Indra Nooyi became the PepsiCos CEO, the percentage of female group and international group in management team has been increased. Indra Nooyi believes that it is not the simplex but the diversity that can reach the balance. So she set the policies to open the doors to every potential talent regardless of their sex, their age, their religions, and their nations. Her honest trust and respect for her followers keeps on inspiring them, and also keep on creating more and more loyal followers. 4.2. Charismatic Leadership Behavior Can you believe that in a white dominated country and a man dominated business world, a female Indian Hindu can lead the world largest Food and Beverage Company. In my opinion, only if she is a charismatic leader. Indra Nooyi has her unique charisma; her story between Michael D. White, chief executive officer of PepsiCo International and vice chairman of PepsiCo, is very popular in the company. In the year 2006, Nooyi was named the next CEO and White was her competitor. Michael D. White is a competent controller and a capable operator, and that is why he is one of the backbones of the company. So the first day when Nooyi became the CEO, the first thing for her is to buy a ticket and fly to the Cape Cod. When Nooyi arrived at Cape Cod, White had already been there waiting for her. Nooyi lived in Whites house for two days, during this period they played music together and ate ice-cream together, and at last Nooyi expressed to White honestly, tell me what I can do to keep you, I can make it. What is more, Nooyis friends, the second, third and forth former CEOs also came to help her keep him. Her honesty and words moved White, and finally keep that capable person. As a CEO, Indra Nooyi can do all of these for her past competitor and became friends, this was never happened in the history of PepsiCo and also seldom happened in the business world. So this story has become a popular topic within the company, and all the staffs really respect Nooyi, and believe that Indra Nooyi is a great leader, and she could lead the company to the success. Indra Nooyi never made them disappointed, she pointed out the right direction for the PepsiCo at the first year, and made it run over the market leader, Coca-Cola at the fifth year, and she also helped the company survive from the economic crisis this year. All the achievements prove that only Nooyi can be the leader of the PepsiCo. And also as a leader, Indra Nooyi is tough on herself and she always raises the standard for everybody; however, she is very caring because she wants people to excel at what they are doing so that they can aspire to be her in the future. And last year, Indra Nooyi was named the top 50 popular leaders in America that people want to follow, and PepsiCo was also named the third company that people want to work for. So generally speaking, Indra Nooyi is a good charismatic leader. 5. Nooyi in hospitality industry After analyzing the leadership traits and behaviors of Indra Nooyi, I come up with an interesting idea, that is, if Nooyi was the general manager of a hotel, what would happen? First, she can turn down the high turn over rate. The turn over rate in hospitality industry is much higher than the others. And the main reason for staffs to leave is that they are not satisfied. And as I mentioned before, balance is the key point of Indra Nooyis philosophy. She would show her concerns to the followers first, and take the followers needs into consideration while making plan and decision. She also treats every one equally; no matter a staff is a minority or a woman, if he or she has the ability, Nooyi would offer a chance. And these can definitely satisfy the followers, and the turn over rate would be decreased also. Second, she can help build good reputation for the hotel while making more profit. In her mind, the profit, the customer, and the environment are in the same position. So besides the profit, Nooyi would also focus on the customers needs and health, for example, she would never let a junk food dish on the menu. All the food should be at a higher quality with nutrition, and this would definitely price higher. And also the environment, like what she did in ABB, she can also develop or buy a new water system for hotel and set the policy for staffs to use electricity more efficiently. It is not only good to the environment but also saves the money for the water and electricity use. All of these would of course draw attentions from the media and public, and it would help build a good reputation for hotel while the hotel is actually making more and more profit. Third, she can build good relationships with the government, the investors, and some big company customers. Because of her outstanding negotiation skills, it is much easier for her to develop the good relationships with these VIPs to the hotel. Since hotel has a good relationship with government, the government may do a great favor to the hotel, such as tax and reputation. And also if the hotel has a lot of contracts with some big companies, these companies would hold their meetings and celebrations all in her hotel and this can in turn help increase the hotels occupancy rate, and some other revenues, such as banquet and FB. Indra Nooyi is an excellent professional manager, so the different kinds of industries are not the limitations to her. She can manage a personal health products company well, a power plant well, a soda and snack maker well, and also it is not a problem for her to manage a hotel well. 6. Conclusion When traditional Indian philosophy meets with modern American thoughtway, when Hinduism comes across Christianism, first are the conflicts, but sooner they will consist with each other and create a legend. Indra Nooyi is just that guy. She always goes to the CEOs office wearing her traditional Indian sari. But comparing with traditional Indian women, it is hardly to connect Nooyi with the characters, such as effeminate and shy. Nooyi is such self-confidence, gentler woman with passion and always speaks fast because she thinks faster. She is just like most excellent American leaders. She also proves to the world that even it is the man that wrote down the rules long ago, and these rules are still the standards dominating the current business world, women can still make success with their talents and unique charm. From this period of study on her, I learnt a lot. And comparing with all the excellent leaders as far as I know in the world, her leadership traits and behaviors impress me most. Even though my career is hospitality, there are still a lot of things I can learn from her. And I think it is very necessary and good for us to learn something from these great leaders. Then we can apply them into our career to accomplish our dreams and to develop the hospitality industry in China.

Addition Of Vectors Essay -- essays research papers

I. Introduction A vector is an arrow whose length represents the magnitude of a quantity and whose direction represents the direction of the quantity. Vectors are useful in combining velocities that are not parallel. The sum of two or more component vectors is called a resultant. When the vectors are not at right angles to each other, the resultant is found by constructing a parallelogram. The parallelogram is constructed with the two vectors as sides. The resultant of the parallelogram is its diagonal. Equilibrant vector on the other hand, is a single vector that would balance the original vectors taken together. An experiment was conducted to determine the difference between using graphical, analytical and experimental method in getting the resultant. A force table, weight holders, a set of slotted masses (200g and 249g), ruler, protractor, spring scale and triple beam balance were used. Each group has its own assigned mass and forces as well as a force table. Weight hangers were attached to two strings tied to the center ring of the force table, where two slotted masses, one 200g and the other 249g were hung according to their specified directions. The center ring was anchored to the nail positioned at the platform’s center while the upper ring of the spring scale was attached to the free end of the third ring. After attaching the spring balance, its hook was pulled and the reading on the scale and the direction of the pull at which the two forces (hanging mass) are â€Å"balanced.† â€Å"Balance† was determined. II. Results and Discussion Table 1. Time, distance, velocity and acceleration measurements for a marble. Distance (cm)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time (s)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mean Time (s)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Average Velocity (cm/s)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.90  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.67  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.71  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.76  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13.16 30  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.52  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.37  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.37  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.40  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  21.48 40  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.86  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.58  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.58  ... ...bsp;2.77  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.61  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  34.44   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The velocity computed by using tangent lines was found to be higher than the average velocity. The results were also found to have irregular values. It is noticed that after covering the distance of 40 cm, the velocity went down. The velocity between the distance of 40 cm and 70 cm were found to be equal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, the computed values of the acceleration were also irregular. Acceleration at the distance of 10 cm and 40 cm were found to be equal. Acceleration would not change even if the group used a larger marble. It would make almost no difference in the values acquired.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Errors may have been one of the causes of irregularities seen between velocity and acceleration. Maybe one of the problems that we encountered was the irregularity of the time. Because of this, the other computations were affected. III  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Computations A. VELOCITY V = df – di tf - ti V1 = 15 – 5 = 10 = 20 1 – 0.5 0.5 Addition Of Vectors Essay -- essays research papers I. Introduction A vector is an arrow whose length represents the magnitude of a quantity and whose direction represents the direction of the quantity. Vectors are useful in combining velocities that are not parallel. The sum of two or more component vectors is called a resultant. When the vectors are not at right angles to each other, the resultant is found by constructing a parallelogram. The parallelogram is constructed with the two vectors as sides. The resultant of the parallelogram is its diagonal. Equilibrant vector on the other hand, is a single vector that would balance the original vectors taken together. An experiment was conducted to determine the difference between using graphical, analytical and experimental method in getting the resultant. A force table, weight holders, a set of slotted masses (200g and 249g), ruler, protractor, spring scale and triple beam balance were used. Each group has its own assigned mass and forces as well as a force table. Weight hangers were attached to two strings tied to the center ring of the force table, where two slotted masses, one 200g and the other 249g were hung according to their specified directions. The center ring was anchored to the nail positioned at the platform’s center while the upper ring of the spring scale was attached to the free end of the third ring. After attaching the spring balance, its hook was pulled and the reading on the scale and the direction of the pull at which the two forces (hanging mass) are â€Å"balanced.† â€Å"Balance† was determined. II. Results and Discussion Table 1. Time, distance, velocity and acceleration measurements for a marble. Distance (cm)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time (s)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mean Time (s)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Average Velocity (cm/s)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.90  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.67  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.71  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.76  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13.16 30  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.52  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.37  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.37  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.40  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  21.48 40  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.86  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.58  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.58  ... ...bsp;2.77  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.61  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  34.44   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The velocity computed by using tangent lines was found to be higher than the average velocity. The results were also found to have irregular values. It is noticed that after covering the distance of 40 cm, the velocity went down. The velocity between the distance of 40 cm and 70 cm were found to be equal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, the computed values of the acceleration were also irregular. Acceleration at the distance of 10 cm and 40 cm were found to be equal. Acceleration would not change even if the group used a larger marble. It would make almost no difference in the values acquired.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Errors may have been one of the causes of irregularities seen between velocity and acceleration. Maybe one of the problems that we encountered was the irregularity of the time. Because of this, the other computations were affected. III  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Computations A. VELOCITY V = df – di tf - ti V1 = 15 – 5 = 10 = 20 1 – 0.5 0.5

Film and the Emirates: When will the Arabs take the chance?

Why do we need to set our films in United Arab Emirates? Such a simple question but with a vague answer. No matter how much we try to understand and analyze it, maybe we will have a hard time figuring out why there is a need to go in a place where almost everything is prohibited but in the end, this question will not be raised unless we don’t understand what the situation is in United Arab Emirates and how good their film industry goes. Seeking how good the industry in the Emirates is not as hard as it seems but the way they see film does not seem to be in a good way. Perhaps they have been concerned with their personal feelings and not with what will attract the foreign people in their land. Although the government was only trying to protect their country from controversies and unjust exposure, they were not making things easier for the producers and film makers who wanted to portray reality. Apparently, there were no such good movies in the Arabs. Not that they produce ugly films but because they limit themselves from the great possibilities and stories which will make a big hit in their film industry. They don't see the possibility of having big hit movies but they also seem to mislead people from reality. Since the government does not allow political plots nor do they want controversial stories, they choose the foreign films that they want the people to see carefully and once they weren’t satisfied in a single shot because of either a controversial topic or maybe because the makers showed the country in a poor way. They tend to give a scrutinizingly critic every foreign film, aligning everything with their goal of giving a good impression to the people. Attempts to have a better film industry Despite of the current situation of film in the Emirates, there were few attempts that shows how good films were in the Emirates. They seldom consider film as a way of making their industry better but at this point, the Emirates is ready to finally open their doors if we will consider their moves as of the moment. In June 2008, a digital film archive of the Emirates history was seen by the people. Although much of these films were documentaries about the history of the Emirates, this step showed that they were indeed ready for a revamp and change in their film industry. In present, Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage was asked to develop a film commission with an order to promote Abu Dhabi as a film location. These attempts to open the doors for foreign films were great steps to have a better film industry and to promote the country as well but if people mislead their real intention, they might blew everything away and end up with nothing but just Emirates, their people and their film industry. Foreign Films Shot in the Emirates: Censorship and Defense In the last four years, Emirates allowed at least two foreign films to be shot in Abu Dhabi. After the shoot, the Emirates government carefully analyzed Syriana and The Kingdom to the extent that several scenes were deleted from the original film. This kind of censorship that the authority made spoiled the whole story but as their defense, they just don't want to Abu Dhabi to be depicted poorly since they were actually working on tourism as of the moment. The question we have right now, is Emirates ready for opening its doors to the world film industry? Maybe not, maybe yes. The two films shot in Abu Dhabi in the last four years showed that there was indeed a strong will to start opening their doors for the foreign film industry. Closing the doors once more? Perhaps there was no reason for us to worry more about the film industry of the United Arab Emirates because they were surely having good movies with them because of the hard work of the people who wanted development and changes but in this case, what we were trying to work out is the realization that they need to open their doors more to let the foreign people see what is good inside their country. Despite of their attempts to do this, their beliefs still goes in the way. Promoting their land as a location for foreign films do not need strict censorship most of the time. In present, they were trying to attract foreign film makers not trying to place negative impression on them. If they want foreign film industry in their land, perhaps they are in need of considering reality and not mischiefs. In what they were trying to do, United Arab Emirates was really close in closing their doors from the people. Films weren't made to deceive people. It was a way to make people see what is reality.

Insectivores - Insectivora - The Animal Encyclopedia

Insectivores - Insectivora - The Animal Encyclopedia Insectivores (Insectivora) are a group of mammals that include hedgehogs, moonrats, shrews, and moles. Insectivores are generally small mammals with nocturnal habits. There are about 365 species of insectivores alive today. Most insectivores have small eyes and ears and a long snout. Some do not have visible ear flaps but have a keen sense of hearing. They have clawed toes on each foot, and the pattern and number of their teeth are rather primitive. Some insectivores such as otter-shrews and moonrats have a long body. Moles have a more cylindrical body, and hedgehogs have a round body. Some insectivores such as tree moles and shrews are adept tree climbers. Insectivores rely more on their sense of smell, hearing, and touch than their vision and some species of shrews can navigate their environment using echolocation. The bones in the inner ear of insectivores are different than other mammals. They lack an ossified temporal bone, and the tympanic membrane is attached to a bony tympanic ring while their middle ear is closed off by surrounding bones. Insectivores live in terrestrial habitats around the world. Additionally, some species of insectivores inhabit aquatic environments while others burrow. Moles spend most of their time below ground in their tunnels they excavate. Shrews generally live above ground and build burrows for shelter and sleeping. Some species live in boggy areas where rotting vegetation, rocks, and rotting logs are common. Other species inhabit arid regions including deserts. Moles and shrews are usually active throughout the year. Hedgehogs are easily recognized by their rotund shape and spines. Their spines consist of tough keratin and serve as a defense mechanism. When threatened, hedgehogs roll into a tight ball so their spines are exposed and their face and belly are protected. Hedgehogs are mostly nocturnal. As their name implies, insectivores feed on insects and other small invertebrates such as spiders and worms. The diet of insectivores is not restricted to invertebrates and also includes a wide variety of plants and animals. Water shrews feed on small fish, amphibians, and crustaceans while hedgehogs feed on birds eggs and small vertebrates. Many species of insectivores locate their prey using their keen sense of smell or by using their sense of touch. The star-nosed mole, for example, not only has a sharp sense of smell, but it also has a nose with many small and touch-sensitive tentacles that enable it to find and capture their prey. Classification Animals Chordates Mammals Insectivores There are four living subgroups of insectivores. These include the hedgehogs, moonrats, and gymnures (Erinaceidae); the shrews (Soricidae); the moles, tree moles and desmans (Talpidae); and the solenodons (Solenodontidae). Insectivores are thought to be most closely related to bats, hoofed mammals, and carnivores. The classification of insectivores is not well understood. Insectivores have a primitive mammalian body plan and are in many ways generic in their appearance. For this reason, insectivores have been classified in several other mammal groups in the past such as the tree shrews or elephant shrews. Additionally, some adaptations insectivores exhibit are convergent with the adaptations of other groups- a fact that further confuses the proper placement of insectivores within the mammals. Previous classification schemes once placed tree shrews and elephant shrews in the insectivores, but today they are classified in their own separate orders. It is possible that other animal groups such as golden moles may be removed from the insectivores as new information comes to light. Evolution Insectivores are considered to be among the most primitive groups of mammals. Some primitive traits insectivores still exhibit include a small brain and testes that do not descend into a scrotum.

Socialist Realism in Chapayev and The Circus essays

Socialist Realism in Chapayev and The Circus essays A film had to have several key components in order to be considered as upholding the doctrine of Socialist Realism. Films had to be accessible to the masses; simple, clear and understandable. Items such as flashbacks or irony were not used out of fear of the general populous misconstruing an intended concept or ideal. The film also had to include Revolutionary Romanticism, showing the world not necessarily as it was but what it should or will be. This romanticism helped the masses to look forward to the future in envisioning the communist utopia. Also important were the components of realism and plot. The film had to represent people in a socio-historic context and had to depict a reality that audiences could feel familiar with and would recognize. Certain plots became highly desirable especially a coming to consciousness plot. Often a simple hero or heroine, who was dealing with a problem, would be guided by a party representative. This party representative would help the hero or heroine come to understand the rightness of the Soviet system. Chapayev was a model of Social Realism. Its plot was chronologically clear, easy to understand and left no room for misinterpretation of any ideological norms. Chapayev had several components of realism. It was based on an actual historic hero and the story was drawn from the actual writings of Commissar Furmanov. Scenes such as when the troops become tired of fighting and start to yearn for home also express components of realism. Revolutionary Romanticism is shown through Chapayevs conversation with Petka and Anya about the future, where by he tells them how happy they will be once they have the opportunity to get married and settle down together. Finally, Chapayev also upholds the master plot ideal. Chapayev, the peasant, is guided and molded by the educated party representative, Commissar Furmanov. Furmanov helps to shape Chapayev through a ser...

Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Thinking and Decision Making - Essay Example Logical thinking is a way of thinking that aims at solving a problem or analyzing a situation by resorting to a formal and systematic approach that is akin to being mathematical (Thagard, 2012, p. 38). Logical thinking aids the critical thinking process by allowing an individual analyze a problem or a situation, while restraining the influence of the strong emotions that impact the critical thinking process at a particular time. However, logical thinking carried to its extremes and totally insulated from emotions may turn out to be too mechanical and may lead to wrong conclusions. A pessimistic thinking is one that makes an individual blame oneself if the things go wrong (Thagard, 2012). Pessimistic thinking within limits aids critical thinking by making a person become more alert and responsible. However, too much pessimism obfuscates the critical thinking process by causing excessive stress and

Second Wave Feminism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Second Wave Feminism - Essay Example The third wave stands on the shoulders of the second wave, finishing what they began, while creating a legacy for the next generation to come. The second wave stood on the shoulders of the first, recognizing the distance that women still had to go to find equality. The third wave fights the battles the second wave began. Second wave feminism has just ended, but already has made a profound impact on society. It is especially clear in literature. In the book Finding Fran by Lois Banner, the personal becomes political, as the reader sees how women in the 1950's find feminism, and how they react. In Rubyfruit Jungle, by Rita Mae Brown, the reader is taken on a journey to how lesbians had to live before the second wave, and why fighting for equality became so important to them. In Scars of Sweet Paradise, by Alice Echols, the reader is able to see how Janis Joplin lived, and died, because she did not fit into the mold society had created for women. And in Women in Modern America, also by Lois Banner, the reader sees how feminism has touched the lives of millions, and has become a fight for equality for everyone, not just radicals. Through these four books, the reader is able to see the many facets of second wave feminism, and is able to better understand the reasons behind the movement. The 1960's were a time for free love, revolution, and war protests. ... Women began the sexual revolution, demanding the right to choose their fate and sexual identities. Judy Chicago took her Dinner Party out into the world, demanding that women deserve a place at the table, and in the conversation. In New York, gays and lesbians demanded rights after Stonewall. Title IX allowed girls equal opportunities for sports in schools (Banner 2004). The National Organization of Women put out their statement of purpose, demanding We, men and women who hereby constitute ourselves as the National Organization for Women, believe that the time has come for a new movement toward true equality for all women in America, and toward a fully equal partnership of the sexes, as part of the world-wide revolution of human rights now taking place within and beyond our national borders. (Banner 2004) These changes help define the second wave as women and men who are unwilling to allow the country to stay the way it is. They insisted that things must change, and that everyone deserves a voice. For Rita Mae Brown, and other queer individuals, it was also time to take a stance. Second wave feminism allowed for not just the female majority to demand rights, but also the minority. The lesbians, the American Indian women, and the disabled were all actively involved in demanding rights. In discovering her sexual identity, Brown learned more about herself then she could have imagined. Her parents (Carrie and Carl) had adopted her, and from the beginning she knew she was a bastard. Her sexuality did not bother her, but it bothered others. "So now I wear this label 'Queer' emblazoned on my chest. Or I could always carve a scarlet "L" on my forehead. Why does everyone have to put you in a box and nail the lid on it" (Brown 1973). In